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Alloy 20 Pipe
Material
Alloy 20, also known as Carpenter 20, is a nickel-iron-chromium austenitic alloy developed for maximum resistance to acid attack, specifically sulfuric acid. It is a versatile material that offers excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chemical environments containing chlorides and sulfuric acid. Alloy 20 is often chosen for its ability to withstand stress corrosion cracking and its superior mechanical properties.
Specification
Alloy 20 pipes are manufactured according to various international standards, including ASTM B729, ASME SB729, and DIN 17751. These standards ensure that the pipes meet specific mechanical and chemical properties, ensuring their suitability for demanding applications.
Key Features
Corrosion Resistance: Alloy 20 exhibits excellent resistance to sulfuric acid, making it ideal for use in chemical processing environments.
Pitting and Crevice Corrosion: The alloy's composition provides superior resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, especially in chloride-rich environments.
Stress Corrosion Cracking: Alloy 20 is resistant to stress corrosion cracking, a common problem in aggressive chemical environments.
Weldability: The alloy can be welded using common welding techniques, making it versatile for various fabrication processes.
Durability: With its robust mechanical properties, Alloy 20 pipes are durable and reliable for long-term use in harsh conditions.
Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition (%) |
| Nickel (Ni) | 32.0-38.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 19.0-21.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2.0-3.0 |
| Copper (Cu) | 3.0-4.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.0 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.07 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.035 |
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
| Tensile Strength | 551 MPa (min) |
| Yield Strength | 241 MPa (min) |
| Elongation | 30% (min) |
| Hardness | 217 HB (max) |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
| Density | 8.08 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1357-1430°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 10.2 W/m·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.92 µΩ·m |
Process Performance
| Process | Performance |
| Machining | Good |
| Welding | Excellent |
| Forming | Good |
| Heat Treatment | Not required |
Steel Grade
Alloy 20 is classified under the UNS N08020 designation. It is a high-performance alloy that combines the properties of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum to provide exceptional resistance to various corrosive environments. The addition of copper enhances its resistance to sulfuric acid, making it a preferred choice for chemical processing applications.
Application
Alloy 20 pipes are widely used in industries such as:
Chemical Processing: For handling sulfuric acid and other aggressive chemicals.
Petrochemical: In environments where resistance to chlorides and sulfuric acid is required.
Pharmaceutical: For equipment and piping systems that require high corrosion resistance.
Food and Beverage: In processes that involve acidic substances.
Possible Alternative Grades
While Alloy 20 is highly effective, alternative materials may be considered depending on specific application requirements:
Hastelloy C276: Offers superior resistance to a broader range of corrosive environments.
Inconel 625: Known for its high strength and resistance to oxidation and corrosion.
316L Stainless Steel: A more cost-effective option with good corrosion resistance, though not as robust as Alloy 20 in sulfuric acid environments.
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