A335 P91 P92 Pipe
Introduction
A335 P91 and P92 are both high-temperature alloy steels primarily used for applications in power generation industries, particularly in steam boiler and piping systems. These materials exhibit excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and are designed to withstand high-pressure environments. This article provides an overview of A335 P91 and P92 pipes, including their specifications, key features, chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, process performance, steel grade, applications, and possible alternative grades.
Material and Specification
A335 P91 and P92 pipes are specified under ASTM A335, a standard specification for seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service. The nominal pipe sizes range from 1/8" to 24" with varying wall thicknesses.
Key Features
High-temperature resistance
Excellent creep strength
Good oxidation and corrosion resistance
High tensile strength
Low coefficient of thermal expansion
Chemical Composition (Table presentation)
| Element | A335 P91 Composition (%) | A335 P92 Composition (%) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.08 - 0.12 | 0.07 - 0.13 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.30 - 0.60 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.020 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.010 | ≤ 0.010 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 - 0.50 | 0.20 - 0.50 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 8.00 - 9.50 | 8.50 - 9.50 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.85 - 1.05 | 0.30 - 0.60 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.18 - 0.25 | 0.15 - 0.25 |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Aluminum (Al) | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.040 |
| Boron (B) | - | 0.001 - 0.006 |
Mechanical Properties (Table presentation)
| Property | A335 P91 | A335 P92 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | ≥ 585 | ≥ 620 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | ≥ 415 | ≥ 440 |
| Elongation (%) | ≥ 20 | ≥ 20 |
| Hardness (HRC) | ≤ 250 | ≤ 250 |
| Impact Toughness (J) | ≥ 35 (at 20°C) | ≥ 35 (at 20°C) |
Physical Properties (Table presentation)
| Property | A335 P91 | A335 P92 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.85 | 7.8 |
| Specific Heat (J/kg·K) | 477 | 477 |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 32.9 | 32.9 |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (10^-6/K) | 10.8 | 10.4 |
Process Performance (Table presentation)
| Property | A335 P91 | A335 P92 |
| Weldability | Good | Good |
| Machinability | Fair | Fair |
| Formability | Good | Good |
Steel Grade
Both A335 P91 and P92 are classified as ferritic alloy steels.
Application
A335 P91 and P92 pipes are commonly used in high-temperature and high-pressure applications, such as:
Power generation plants (boilers, steam pipelines)
Petrochemical industries
Refineries
Heat exchangers
Possible Alternative Grades
While A335 P91 and P92 are widely used for high-temperature applications, there are alternative grades available depending on specific requirements, including:
A335 P22
A335 P5
A335 P11
These alternative grades may offer different combinations of properties suited for various applications within the same temperature and pressure ranges.
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