Products Description
Product Specifications
| Standards | EN 10216-5 |
| Steel Grades |
X2CrNiN23-4 (1.4362),X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462),X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 (1.4507),X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 (1.4410),X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 (1.4501) |
| Equivalent Standards | ASTM A789 / A790 (UNS S32205, S32750, S32304, S32760, S32906);ASME SA-789/SA-790 |
| Outer Diameter (OD) | 12.7mm-50.8mm |
| Wall Thickness (WT) | 0.5mm-3.5mm |
| Length | 6/12m,or customized |
| Surface Treatment | Bright Annealed |
| Production Process | Cold Drawn, Cold Rolled |
| Condition | Solution Annealed |
The thermal conductivity of duplex stainless steel (~15 W/m·K) is higher than that of austenitic stainless steel, while its coefficient of thermal expansion (~13×10⁻⁶/℃) is closer to that of carbon steel. For shell-and-tube heat exchangers, this characteristic helps to reduce thermal stress between the tubesheet and the tube bundle.
U bend tubing exhibits excellent resistance to seawater corrosion; specifically, Grade 1.4462 has a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) of ≥35, and Grade 1.4410 has a PREN of ≥42, enabling them to withstand high-chloride seawater environments-containing 35,000 to 70,000 ppm of chloride ions-over extended periods.
Customized Services
- TORICH offers customization for non-standard bending radii; in addition to standard 1.5D and 2D U-bends, we can manufacture U-bends with unequal leg lengths, nested multi-set U-bend bundles, and similar configurations.
- Upon request, we can perform tube-end processing-including flaring, beveling, threading, and flanging-to facilitate compatibility with automated tube-to-tubesheet expansion and welding installation processes.
- We provide customized packaging and labeling services, utilizing rust-inhibiting paper, plastic end caps, and packaging materials such as plywood crates or steel skids; we also offer stenciling and marking services.
Chemical Composition
| Grade | Steel Number | C Max | Si Max | Mn Max | P Max | S Max | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X2CrNiN23-4 | 1.4362 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 22.0–24.0 | 3.5–5.5 | 0.1–0.6 | - | 0.05–0.20 |
| X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | 1.4462 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 21.0–23.0 | 4.5–6.5 | 2.5–3.5 | - | 0.10–0.22 |
| X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 | 1.4507 | 0.03 | 0.80 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 24.0–26.0 | 6.0–8.0 | 2.5–4.0 | 0.5–1.5 | 0.20–0.30 |
Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Steel Number | Tensile Strength (Rm) MPa | Yield Strength Rp0.2 MPa | Elongation A (%) | Hardness HB Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X2CrNiN23-4 | 1.4362 | 600–850 | ≥450 | ≥25 | 270 |
| X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | 1.4462 | 640–840 | ≥450 | ≥25 | 290 |
| X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 | 1.4507 | 750–950 | ≥550 | ≥20 | 310 |
Possible Alternative Grades
- For operating conditions involving ambient-temperature, low-salinity seawater, 1.4404 (316L) austenitic stainless steel is a suitable choice; it is well-suited for small-scale, low-parameter seawater desalination units and offers lower costs.
- For concentrated seawater evaporation conditions involving temperatures exceeding 70°C and chloride ion concentrations greater than 60,000 ppm, 904L super-austenitic stainless steel may be selected; however, as its strength is significantly lower than that of duplex stainless steel, it necessitates the use of thicker tube walls.
application areas
- Multi-Stage Flash (MSF): Evaporator Tube Bundles, Feedwater Preheating Sections, Condensate Recovery Units
- Multi-Effect Distillation (MED): Brine Recirculation Heat Exchangers, Final-Effect Condensers
- Reverse Osmosis (RO): High-Pressure Brine Piping, Energy Recovery Heat Exchangers, RO Permeate Post-Treatment Heaters
- Desalination Plant Auxiliary Systems: Seawater Coolers, Brine Discharge Coolers, Distillate Coolers
Products Show
Testing Equipment
Factory Equipment
Pickling equipment
Products Package
FAQ
Q: What is the minimum bending radius available for the supplied U-bends?
A: The standard bending radius is 1.5 times the pipe's outer diameter (R=1.5D). We can also provide customized compact bends down to R=1.2D, subject to an evaluation of the specific wall thickness and outer diameter requirements.
Q: Is solution annealing mandatory after the bending process?
A: Yes. The cold bending process introduces deformation martensite and internal stresses, which compromise corrosion resistance. Our standard manufacturing protocol includes a post-bending solution annealing treatment under a protective atmosphere, immediately followed by pickling.
Q: What are the advantages of using duplex stainless steel U-bends compared to titanium U-tubes?
A: While titanium offers exceptional corrosion resistance, it suffers from poor thermal conductivity, high cost, and requires specialized procedures for tube-to-tubesheet expansion joining. Duplex stainless steel (e.g., 1.4410), conversely, possesses high mechanical strength-enabling significant weight reduction-and features a coefficient of thermal expansion that closely matches that of the tubesheet, ensuring stable and reliable expansion joints; furthermore, it offers a lower overall cost.
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